Basics · what a branch contains

Hidden Stems in Branches

A branch is not one character, it is a container. Inside each of the twelve branches sit one to three stems, ranked main, middle and residual. When a stem shows on top of a pillar it is read directly; when nothing shows, the hidden stems inside the branches are what actually carries the relation.

The hidden stems inside your own four branches

The output lists the hidden stems branch by branch and gives the ten god each one reads as against your day master.

All twelve branches, all hidden stems

The main, middle and residual ranking is the tradition's; it is reproduced here and cross-checked against the rules below.

BranchMain qiMiddle qiResidual qiCount
Zi Rat Gui
Water
1
Chou Ox Ji
Earth
Gui
Water
Xin
Metal
3
Yin Tiger Jia
Wood
Bing
Fire
Wu
Earth
3
Mao Rabbit Yi
Wood
1
Chen Dragon Wu
Earth
Yi
Wood
Gui
Water
3
Si Snake Bing
Fire
Geng
Metal
Wu
Earth
3
Wu Horse Ding
Fire
Ji
Earth
2
Wei Goat Ji
Earth
Ding
Fire
Yi
Wood
3
Shen Monkey Geng
Metal
Ren
Water
Wu
Earth
3
You Rooster Xin
Metal
1
Xu Dog Wu
Earth
Xin
Metal
Ding
Fire
3
Hai Pig Ren
Water
Jia
Wood
2

How many hidden stems, and of what

These counts are not estimates; they are the table above, counted.

ElementHidden stems
Wood5
Fire5
Earth8
Metal5
Water5
Hidden stems in total28
Fewest / most in one branch1 / 3
Branches with exactly one子、卯、酉
Branches with three丑、寅、辰、巳、未、申、戌

Two rules you can check branch by branch

The hidden-stem table is usually taught as a list to memorise. It is the product of two rules.

Rule one: the main hidden stem of a branch always carries the same element as that branch. Chou holds Ji (earth) as its main qi, Chen holds Wu (earth), Yin holds Jia (wood), and all twelve hold to it. On this site it is a build-time assertion: if it ever fails, the generator refuses to write the pages.

Rule two: no branch holds more than three hidden stems, and only Zi, Mao and You hold a single one. The four earth branches Chou, Chen, Wei and Xu each hold three, which is why earth is the most frequent element once hidden stems are counted.

The residual stem usually comes from the trine the branch belongs to, which is why a branch so often hides one of its trine partners. The trines have their own family, and the stage landings have theirs.

Frequently asked

These are the questions specific to this page; broader conventions live on the methodology page.

What are hidden stems for?
They carry the relation when nothing shows on top of a pillar. A chart with three earth branches and no earth stem on top is still an earth-heavy chart, because the earth is inside the branches.
Why do some branches hold three stems and others one?
Because the table records the branch as a container of stages plus trine partners, not as a single unit. Zi, Mao and You are pure single-element branches.
Is the main qi always the same element as the branch?
Yes, for all twelve branches. This site asserts it at build time rather than trusting the transcription.
Do hidden stems get the same weight as visible ones?
Not by default. This site publishes the structure and refuses to assign weights without the month command and the rest of the chart, because a weight in isolation would be a prediction.

Reference index

Every enumerable component of ba zi has its own page here. Each page is computed by the same engine and can be checked item by item — none of it is a personality table.